Recently, Northern Ireland has witnessed a series of racially motivated attacks and violent incidents following an anti-immigration protest in Belfast. This unrest is part of a broader wave of

disorder across the UK, sparked by the fatal stabbing of three girls in Southport and fueled by online misinformation, much of which centers around illegal immigration. In light of these events, BBC News NI has examined the state of migration in Northern Ireland.

How Prevalent is Immigration in Northern Ireland?

Immigration rates in Northern Ireland are relatively low. According to the 2021 census, about 6% of the population was born outside the UK or Ireland, and nearly 97% of the population identified as white.

Migration is often measured as net migration, which represents the difference between the number of people arriving (immigrants) and those leaving (emigrants). In 2022, Northern Ireland saw a net immigration of 2,300 people. This figure includes a net emigration of 2,700 people to other parts of the UK, offset by a net immigration of 5,000 people from the rest of the world.

Who are Asylum Seekers and Refugees?

A refugee is someone forced to flee their country due to war, persecution, or natural disaster and has the right to international protection. An asylum seeker is a person who applies for refugee status in another country to stay there legally.

Asylum Seekers in Northern Ireland

As of 31 March 2024, Home Office data shows that 2,248 asylum seekers in Northern Ireland were receiving support. Until their asylum claims are processed, the UK Home Office provides financial assistance for their needs.

Housing for Asylum Seekers

Asylum seekers are entitled to accommodation upon entering the UK. This may include flats, houses, hostels, or B&Bs. The Mears Group, a government-contracted provider, currently houses around 300 asylum seekers in hotels across Northern Ireland. Asylum seekers do not have the option to choose where they live.

Once asylum is granted, refugees lose the right to stay in Home Office accommodation. Some may choose to move to other parts of the UK, while others may secure private housing or live with friends and family. If housing assistance is needed, a homelessness assessment by the Housing Executive may be conducted, and temporary accommodation may be provided. Refugees can also apply for social housing, where they will be assessed and placed on a waiting list.

Financial Support for Asylum Seekers

While waiting for their asylum claims to be processed, asylum seekers usually receive £49.18 per week for basic needs like food, clothing, and toiletries. If their accommodation includes meals, they receive £8.86 per week. Asylum seekers may also access free NHS healthcare. Generally, they are not allowed to work while their claims are being considered, though those waiting over 12 months can request permission to work. Photo by SwirlyLand, Wikimedia commons.