Tucked away in Essex lies a city that predates London as England's capital by over a millennium. Rich in Roman and medieval history, Colchester only officially became a city in 2022 as part of

Queen Elizabeth II’s Platinum Jubilee Celebrations. Yet its roots run deep — it was once the very heart of Roman Britain.

Known to the Romans as Camulodunum, Colchester was the first capital of Roman Britain and, by extension, the earliest capital of what would later become England. The Romans recorded it as a major center of power and the seat of Catus Decianus, the Roman governor of Britannia.

Today, Colchester seamlessly blends the old with the new. Its winding streets are lined with pastel-painted cottages, medieval architecture, independent shops, vibrant cafés, and museums — all set against a backdrop of ancient ruins.

At the center of the town is the stunning Colchester Castle, a Norman keep built in the 11th century atop the remains of a Roman temple. It’s considered one of the oldest castles in the UK and now houses the Colchester Castle Museum, which showcases an extensive collection from the town’s Roman era.

History lovers will also find plenty to explore in Colchester’s medieval ruins, including:

- The gateway of the Benedictine Abbey of St John the Baptist (locally known as St John’s Abbey)

- The remains of St Botolph’s Priory, an Augustinian priory

- Numerous parish churches dating back centuries

Victorian architecture also adds to Colchester’s charm, with notable landmarks like the Town Hall, the Albert Hall, and the towering Jumbo Water Tower.

Museums are in no short supply either. In addition to the Castle Museum, there’s:

- Hollytrees Museum, offering insights into local social history with exhibits designed for families

- Natural History Museum, set in a former church and featuring wildlife displays

- A dedicated visitor center by the Colchester Archaeological Trust at the former Cavalry Barracks, which highlights discoveries from Britain’s only known Roman Circus.

In fact, Colchester continues to surprise archaeologists. In 2014, remnants of the monumental Temple of Claudius façade were discovered behind the High Street, revealing more of the city’s Roman past.

Beyond history, Colchester has a thriving arts and food scene. The Mercury Theatre and Colchester Arts Centre offer a range of performances and cultural events, while foodies will enjoy everything from cozy pubs to Michelin-starred dining at Kintsu, a modern British restaurant set in a Grade II listed barn.

One of the most picturesque parts of Colchester is the Dutch Quarter, just north of the High Street. Characterized by narrow lanes and colorful cottages, the area was home to Flemish Protestant refugees in the 16th century who fled persecution in Catholic Spain. Before their arrival, it was also inhabited by Jewish communities and other immigrant groups.

Today, the Dutch Quarter is a peaceful residential area, but its historic character remains unmistakable — a quiet testament to Colchester’s rich, multicultural past.

Whether you're a history buff, a food lover, or simply looking for a charming getaway, Colchester is a city that more than earns its title as “England’s most underrated gem.” Photo by  Dr Neil Clifton, Wikimedia commons.